|
Political Science 170 |
Spring 1999 |
|
Professor Robert B. Packer |
Office: Willis 413 |
|
Phone: x4119 (Office) |
Email: rpacker@carleton.edu |
|
|
Change. The word itself has become a mantra for our time. Political and economic elites evoke it; social commentators embrace it; millions fear it.
World Politics, as we approach the 21st century, is about change. But it also about continuity. How these polar opposites resolve their struggle for supremacy gives world politics its motive force.
Much will be said over the next nine weeks about the great transformation of the international system that has occurred since the collapse of the Soviet Bloc and the end of the Cold War. Much will also be said about the continuing problems of war and armament, poverty and econon-üc development, that still afflict much of humanity.
At no time since the end of the last global war has the world experienced the breadth and depth of change that has occurred over the past nine years. To borrow the imagery of one scholar, it is as if the tectonic plates on which world politics had operated on in the past have suddenly shifted - yielding new valleys of concem through which to cross, and new mountains of opportunity on which to scale.
The international system structure, that two generations of political scientists had studied, was that of the bipolar world of the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union led two great alliances in mortal combat not only for power, but also for the hearts and minds of populations yearning for a better life.
With the edifice of the Communist monolith shattered, and its internal core rotted away, global citizens have been treated to talk of Ihe end of history" and a "new world order." But such talk of the halcyon days of a future Nirvana has proven premature at best.
Warfare currently engulfs more than forty countries in bloody conflict. Nationalism is resurgent, spawning a new breed of ethnic hatred. Followers and scholars of the Realist (Realpolitik) paradigm stress the continued primacy of power relations as the sine qua non of world politics. For them, lack of an organized international systern structure - which the Cold War provided - yields chaos.
Opposed to the Realpolitik (a.k.a. Machtpolitik or "power politics") is the Liberal paradigm. Liberals hold the view that greater economic interdependence, political democratization, and technological advancement will lead to the promotion and preservation of peace.
Liberals stress the change in world politics, and wish more of it. Realists emphasize continuity and stability, and wish to manage the change that does occur.
As in any field of inquiry, proper analysis of ongoing phenomena requires a competent knowledge of the trends and events that have led us toeis point in time. This course introduces students to the field of World Politics. Its ultimate concem is with understanding the dynamics of relations among and between state and non-state actors. To do this requires an understanding of those circumstances that constitute the basic structures of the international system, and that define the context in which politics take place.
This course attempts both to clarify competing perspectives on the dynanücs and structures of the international system and also to investigate the changing roles played by various states, international institutions, and transnational actors. Major parts of the course detail, respectively: competing explanations of the sources of foreign policy decisions; current world issues; and basic future trends. The overall objective is to give students sufficient awareness of the interaction of political, technological, communications, economic, and military factors to permit a critical appreciation of the contemporary international environment and ways of thinking about the future.
This course will be mostly lecture. However, I strongly encourage questions on any aspect of the readings or lecture that is unclear. A central objective of the course to build student skills in critical thinking, reasoning, and effective argument. I would like all students to bring to every class-session a short list (two or three items) of what he or she believes to be the major themes of the readings assigned for that day. Two or three students will be randomly selected to start class-sessions by reading and commenting on their lists. 1 expect vigorous discussion of the arguments raised by authors in the course. To that end, outside-of-class discussion groups may be useful. I further encourage students to take advantage of office hours.
There is a fair amount of reading for this course. A useful approach to organizing the material is to classify reading selections according to major theoretical arguments. This approach ought to facilitate comparisons within and between particular topic areas. There will be five exams given for the course. These exams will consist of one essay question each. These are to be completed outside class and typewritten. Each essay should be five to six pages (double-spaced) long. The essay questions will be based upon the readings and lecture. The examinations will be graded on your ability to demonstrate a comprehension of the reading material and to integrate it with the basic tenets of world politics. Exams must be handed in by 5PM on the due date. All late papers will be penalized one-third grade per day late (e.g., A- becames a B+ after one day, a B after two days). The final (fifth) exam is due Nov. 19.
Attendance is essential. More than three absences may result in a lowering of grade. Grading will be based upon the exams (90%) and class participation (10%).
March 31: Post-Cold War visions: the "End of History" or the "Coming Anarchy"?
Gaddis, "Tectonics, History, and the End of the Cold War," in The United States and the End of the Cold War (1992): 155-167.
Fukuyama, "The End of History?" in Betts, ed., Conflict After the Cold-War: Amuments on Causes of War and Peace (1994): 5-18.
Cohen, "Military Power and International Order: Is Force Finished?" in Crocker, Hampson & Aall, ed., Managing Global Chaos (1997): 223-230, 235-236.
The Economist, 'Defence in the 21st Centue," in Purkitt, ed. Annual Editions: World Politics 94/95 (1994)- 239-244.
Melvin, "Experiencing the agony of Sierra Leone," Atlanta Constitution (February 4, 1999)
Maynes, "The New Pessimism: Wasn't the Cold War Better?" Current (December 1995): 20-27.
PART 1: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE STUDY OF WORLD POLITICS
April 2: Rival Perspectives of World Polities
Schweizer, Imaging World Politics (1997): 63-133.
April 5: cont. First Exam handed out
Hughes, Continuity and Change in World Politics: Competing Perspectives (1997): 46-64.
Nye, "Is There an Enduring Logic of Conflict in World Politics?" Understanding International Conflicts (1993): 1-25.
April 7: International Realist and Neo-Realist Perpectives
Levy, "The Causes of War: Contending Theories" in Kegley & Wittkopf, ed., The Global Aizenda: Issues and Perspectives, 3rd ed. (1992): 61-71.
Hughes, Continuity and Change in World Politics: Competing Perspectives (1997): 79-88.
Art, "The Four Functions of Force," in Art & Jervis, ed., International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contempory Issues, 4th ed. (1996): 155-167.
April 9: cont.
Spiegel, World Politics in a New Era (1995): 598-607, 609-617.
Waltz, "The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory," in Betts, ed., Conflict After the Cold War: Arizuments on Causes of War and Peace (1994): 88-95.
Gilpin, "Hegemonic War and International Change," in Betts, ed., Conflict After the Cold War: Arggments on Causes of War and Peace (1994): 96-109.
April 12: Liberal and Neo-Liberal crtique of Realism First Exam due
Oye, "The Conditions for Cooperation in World Politics," in Art & Jervis, ed., International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed. (1996): 81-94.
Kegley, "The Neoliberal Challenge to Realist Theories of World Politics: An Introduction" in Kegley, ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory (1995): 1-24.
Roseerance, "Force or Trade: The Costs and Benefits of Two Paths to Global Influence," in Kegley & Wittkopf, ed, Global Agenda: Issues and Perspectives, 4th ed. (1995): 24-34.
April 14: cont.
Keohane & Nye, "Realism and Complex Interdependence," in Crane & Amawi, ed. The Theoretical Evolution of International Political Economy: A Reader (1991): 133-139.
Zacher & Matthew, "Liberal International Teeory: Common Threads, Divergent Strands," in Kegley, ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory (1995): 107-150.
April 16: cont.
Schweizer, Imaging World Politics (1997): 240-250.
The Communitarian Challenge to World Order
Hughes, Continuity and Change in World Politics (1997): 265-292.
April 19: cont. Second Exam handed out
Gurr, "Communal Conflicts and Global Security, in Current History (May 1995): 212-217.
Van Evera, "Hypotheses on Nationalism and War, in Art & Jervis' ed., International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed. (1996): 415-435.
Burg, "Why Yugoslavia Fell Apart," Current History (November 1993): 357-363.
PART II: INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AND STATE INTERACTION
April 21: The Levels of Analysis Problem in World Politics
Nye, "Origins of the Great Twentieth-Century Conflicts," Understanding International Conflicts (1993): 26-48.
Walt, "Alliances: Balancing and Bandwagoning," in Art & Jervis, ed., International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed. (1996): 108-115.
April 23: Balance of Power vs. Collective Security
Nye, "Balance of Power and World War V" Understanding International Conflicts (1993): 49-73.
Nye, "The Failure of Collective Security and World War II," Understanding International Conflicts (1993): 74-97.
April 26: Explaining the Cold War Second Exam due
Nye, "The Cold War," Understanding International Conflicts (1993): 98-119.
Rationality and Decision Making Models
Guzzini, Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy (1998): 64-80.
April 28: cont.
Cashman, "Govemmental Decision Making," What Causes War? (1993): 77-123.
April 30: Misperception and the Paradoxes of War Ihird Exam handed out
Jervis, 'Var and Misperception," in Williams, Goldstein, & Shafritz, ed., Classic Readings of International Relations (1994): 367-383.
Lamb, "The Basic Question - Why Do Wars Begin?" How to Think about Arms Control and Disarmament (1988): 176-188.
Van Evera, "The Cult of the Offensive and World War I," in Art and Waltz, ed. The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics, 3rd. ed. (1988): 125-151.
May 5: cont.
Christensen & Snyder, "Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity," in Viotti & Kauppi, International Relations Theory, 2nd ed. (1993): 154-186.
Betts, Surprise Attack (1982): 34-50, 56-62.
May 7: cont.
Betts, Surprise Attack (1982): 119-149.
Patchen, Resolving Disputes Between Nations (1988): 108-115.
May 10: cont.
Berman, "From Intervention to Disengagement: The United States in Vietnam" in Levite, Jentleson & Berman, Foreirzn Military Intervention: The Dynamics of Protracted Conflict (1992): 23-64.
May 12: Coercive diplomacy Third Exam due
Snyder, "Crisis Bargaining," in Williams, Goldstein, & Shafritz, ed., Classic Readings of International Relations (1994): 316-335.
Fisher, Schneider, Borgwardt, & Ganson, "Analyzing Threats and Sanctions," Coping With International Conflict (1997): 194-208.
Hufbauer & Schott, "Economic Sanctions and U.S. Foreign Policy," in Matthews, Rubinoff, & Stein, ed., International Conflict and Conflict Management: Readius in World Politics, 2nd ed. (1989): 207-213.
PART III TRANSNATIONAL POLICY ISSUES
May 14: The Global Political Economy
Hughes, Continuity and Change in World Politics (1997): 302-32 1.
Kegley & Wittkopf, "States and Markets: Monetary and Trade Relations in an Interdependent World Political Economy," in World Politics: Trend and Transformation, 6th ed. (1997): 203-247.
May 17: cont. Fourth Exam handed out
Spiegel, "North-South Economic Relations: The Challenge of Development," World Politics in a New Era (1995): 339-383.
May 19: cont.
Kegley & Wittkopf, World Politics: Trend and Transformation, 6th ed. (1997): 255-257; 261-275.
Epstein, Crotty, & Kelly, "Winners and Losers in the Global Econonücs Game," Current History (November 1996): 377-3 8 1.
May 21: International Security Affairs: Arms Race and Nuclear Strategy
Patchen, Resolving Disputes Between Nations (1988): 195-229.
Lamb, "Arms Control and Nuclear Deterrence Strategy", How to Think about Arms Control and Disarmament (1988): 73-92.
May 24: cont. Fourth Exam due 111
Tractenberg, History and Strategy (1991): 3-4, 15-46.
Jervis, The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution (1986): 8-23; 38-41.
Waltz, "Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better," in Freedman, ed., War (1994): 354-355.
May 26: International Security Affairs: Post-Cold War threats Fifth Exam handed out
Nye, "Conflicts after the Cold War," World Politics 97/98 (1997): 28-36.
Mandelbaum, "The Reluctance to Intervene," in Art & Jervis, ed., International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed. (1996): 527-536.
"Proliferation," in Strategic Assessment: Flashpoints and Force Structure (1997): 1-10.
May 28: Perpetual Peace or Turbulence? ... in World Politics
Gaddis, "Great Illusions, the Long Peace, and the Future of the International System," in The United States and the End of the Cold War (1992): 168-192.
Gaddis, "Toward the Post-Cold War World," in The United States and the End of the Cold War (1992): 193-216.
May 31: TBA