| COUNTRY: | United Kingdom | Germany | France |
| Organization of the state | dispersed | coordinated federal structure | centralized; coordination mostly by Ministry of Finance |
| Business organization | divided between manufacturing and banking | coordinated, broadly representative, linked to banking | significant and well-organized at the sectoral level, dominated by public banking |
| Labor organization | well-organized at both the national and shop-floor levels, some partisan alliances | well-organized and coordinated at both the national and shop-floor levels | weak, fragmented, and intensely partisan |
| State-society linkages | weak | strong centralized and decentralized; negotiated | strong centralized |
| Main policy instruments | interest rates, exchange rate policy | regulation, research and development programs, conservative monetary policy | state planning, official credit, sectoral policy |
| Main policy objectives | maintain liberal economic order | export-oriented growth through improving competitiveness | growth through the transformation of key industries |
| Overall approach | liberal, free market-oriented | corporatist | statist |